The Hispanic Mapuche Parlamentos: A Historical Journey of Diplomacy and Conflict

The Mapuche people, indigenous to the regions of present-day Chile and Argentina, have a rich and complex history spanning centuries. One of the most prominent features of this history is the series of "parlamentos," or diplomatic gatherings, that took place between the Mapuche and the Spanish conquistadors and their successors. These parlamentos served as a means for negotiation, conflict resolution, and cultural exchange, shaping the course of Mapuche-Hispanic relations for centuries.

Historical Context

The arrival of Spanish conquistadors in the Mapuche territory in the 16th century marked a turning point in the region's history. The Mapuche, known for their fierce resistance and skilled warfare, engaged in a protracted struggle against the Spanish invaders. However, alongside the conflicts, there were also periods of diplomacy and negotiation.

The Hispanic-Mapuche Parlamentos: Interethnic Geo-Politics and Concessionary Spaces in Colonial America (Contributions To Global Historical Archaeology)

by Carla S. Kitchen

4.7 out of 5

Language	:	English
File size	:	11674 KB
Text-to-Speech	:	Enabled
Screen Reader	:	Supported
Enhanced typesetting	:	Enabled
Print length	:	332 pages
Paperback	:	160 pages
Item Weight	:	5.6 ounces
Dimensions	:	4.33 x 0.35 x 6.5 inches

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The Spanish, recognizing the strength and resilience of the Mapuche, sought to establish a formal relationship with them through the parlamentos. These gatherings provided a platform for dialogue, where both sides could express their grievances, discuss terms for peace, and engage in trade.

Structure and Protocol of the Parlamentos

The parlamentos were elaborate ceremonies that followed a specific protocol. They were typically held in a neutral location, often on the banks of a river or lake. The gathering included representatives from both the Mapuche and Spanish sides, including chiefs, warriors, and religious leaders.

The proceedings began with an exchange of gifts and speeches, setting the tone for the negotiations. The Mapuche would present the Spanish with traditional items such as wool ponchos and silver ornaments, while the Spanish would offer goods like horses, knives, and beads.

The discussions were conducted in a respectful and formal manner, with each side taking turns to present their demands and proposals. Interpreters were present to facilitate communication, as the Mapuche and Spanish spoke different languages.

Objectives and Outcomes

The primary objective of the parlamentos was to establish a balance of power and prevent further conflict. The Mapuche sought to secure their autonomy and protect their traditional way of life, while the Spanish aimed to expand their control and consolidate their authority.

The outcomes of the parlamentos varied depending on the circumstances and the intentions of the participants. Sometimes, agreements were reached that established boundaries, regulated trade, and defined terms for peace. Other times, the negotiations failed, leading to renewed hostilities.

Cultural Exchange and Symbolism

Beyond their diplomatic function, the parlamentos also served as a venue for cultural exchange and the forging of relationships. The gatherings allowed the Mapuche and Spanish to interact, learn about each other's customs, and engage in trade.

Clothing, weapons, and other cultural artifacts were exchanged, influencing both Mapuche and Spanish societies. The parlamentos also became a symbol of the ongoing encounter and negotiation between two distinct cultures.

Legacy and Impact

The Hispanic Mapuche parlamentos had a profound impact on the history of the region. They provided a framework for dialogue and conflict resolution, preventing the complete subjugation of the Mapuche and contributing to the development of a unique frontier zone.

The parlamentos also shaped the political and social structures of both the Mapuche and Spanish societies. The establishment of boundaries and the regulation of trade laid the foundation for more stable and predictable relations.

The Hispanic Mapuche parlamentos were a complex and fascinating chapter in the history of Chile and Argentina. They served as a forum for diplomacy, conflict resolution, and cultural exchange between two distinct cultures. The legacy of these gatherings continues to shape the understanding of the region's past and its ongoing dialogue between indigenous and non-indigenous communities.

The Hispanic-Mapuche Parlamentos: Interethnic Geo-Politics and Concessionary Spaces in Colonial America (Contributions To Global Historical Archaeology)

by Carla S. Kitchen

4.7 out of 5

Language	:	English
File size	:	11674 KB
Text-to-Speech	:	Enabled
Screen Reader	:	Supported
Enhanced typesetting	:	Enabled
Print length	:	332 pages
Paperback	:	160 pages
Item Weight	:	5.6 ounces
Dimensions	:	4.33 x 0.35 x 6.5 inches

FREE